Clinical Laboratory Medicine Bench
115 In-Vitro Diagnostic Panels · Canonical Reference Intervals & Pre-Analytic Factors
clinical-pathologyfluid
Ascitic Fluid Analysis (SAAG & SBP Evaluation)
20 min readOpen Bench →
clinical-pathologyfluid
Ascitic Fluid: Serum-Ascites Albumin Gradient (SAAG) and SBP Neutrophil Count (>= 250/mm3)
20 min readOpen Bench →
clinical-pathologyimaging
CSF Analysis: Opening Pressure, Cell Count, Traumatic Tap Correction, Protein, and Glucose Ratio
25 min readOpen Bench →
clinical-pathologyfluid
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Analysis & Lumbar Puncture
25 min readOpen Bench →
clinical-pathologyimaging
CSF Profiles in Bacterial, Viral, Fungal, and Tubercular Meningitis
20 min readOpen Bench →
clinical-pathologyimaging
CSF Xanthochromia and Spectrophotometry in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
15 min readOpen Bench →
clinical-pathologyfluid
Pericardial Fluid Analysis & Tamponade Cytology
20 min readOpen Bench →
clinical-pathologyfluid
Pleural Fluid Analysis: Light's Criteria (Transudate vs Exudate), pH, ADA, and Amylase
20 min readOpen Bench →
clinical-pathologyfluid
Serous Fluids Analysis: Pleural, Ascitic & Synovial
30 min readOpen Bench →
clinical-pathologyfluid
Synovial Fluid: Cell Count and Polarized Light Microscopy (Monosodium Urate vs CPPD Crystals)
20 min readOpen Bench →
coagulationimaging
ADAMTS13 Activity and Inhibitor Titers
15 min readOpen Bench →
coagulationimaging
Anti-Xa Monitoring for LMWH, Unfractionated Heparin, and DOACs
15 min readOpen Bench →
coagulationpanel
Antiphospholipid Syndrome Panel (Lupus Anticoagulant, aCL, anti-B2GPI)
20 min readOpen Bench →
coagulationpanel
Coagulation Profile (PT/INR, aPTT, Fibrinogen, and D-Dimer)
30 min readOpen Bench →
coagulationimaging
D-Dimer and Fibrin Degradation Products
15 min readOpen Bench →
coagulationpanel
DIC vs TTP/HUS vs HIT (4Ts score, PF4 antibodies)
25 min readOpen Bench →
coagulationimaging
Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factor Assays
20 min readOpen Bench →
coagulationimaging
Factor VIII and von Willebrand Factor Panel
20 min readOpen Bench →
coagulationpanel
Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT) Anti-PF4 Assay
20 min readOpen Bench →
coagulationimaging
Inherited Thrombophilia Screen (Factor V Leiden, Prothrombin 20210A, Protein C/S, Antithrombin)
20 min readOpen Bench →
coagulationpanel
Lupus Anticoagulant & Antiphospholipid Panel
25 min readOpen Bench →
coagulationimaging
Mixing Studies (Correction vs Inhibitors)
20 min readOpen Bench →
coagulationpanel
Viscoelastic Testing: TEG and ROTEM Interpretation
20 min readOpen Bench →
coagulationwaveform
Thromboelastography (TEG) and ROTEM
25 min readOpen Bench →
coagulationimaging
von Willebrand Panel (vWF Antigen, Activity, Factor VIII)
20 min readOpen Bench →
endocrinologyimaging
Plasma Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
20 min readOpen Bench →
endocrinologynumeric
Aldosterone-Renin Ratio (ARR): Medication Washout and Confirmatory Testing
20 min readOpen Bench →
endocrinologypanel
C-Peptide, Insulin, and HOMA-IR in Hypoglycemia and Diabetes Subtyping
15 min readOpen Bench →
endocrinologypanel
Dexamethasone Suppression Tests (Low-Dose & High-Dose)
25 min readOpen Bench →
endocrinologynumeric
Glycemic Testing: Fasting Plasma Glucose, HbA1c Pitfalls, and Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT)
25 min readOpen Bench →
endocrinologypanel
Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) Axis: Morning Cortisol, ACTH, Synacthen Stimulation, and Dexamethasone Suppression
25 min readOpen Bench →
endocrinologypanel
IGF-1 and Growth Hormone Oral Glucose Suppression Test
15 min readOpen Bench →
endocrinologypanel
Ketones: Serum Beta-Hydroxybutyrate vs Urine Acetoacetate
15 min readOpen Bench →
endocrinologypanel
Gonadal Axis: LH, FSH, Estradiol, Total/Free Testosterone, and SHBG
20 min readOpen Bench →
endocrinologypanel
Lipid Profile, ApoB, and Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] Risk Stratification
20 min readOpen Bench →
endocrinologypanel
Plasma Free Metanephrines & Normetanephrines
20 min readOpen Bench →
endocrinologyimaging
Plasma and 24-Hour Urinary Fractionated Metanephrines for Pheochromocytoma
20 min readOpen Bench →
endocrinologyimaging
Prolactin, Macroprolactin, and the High-Dose Hook Effect
15 min readOpen Bench →
endocrinologypanel
PTH, 25-OH Vitamin D, 1,25-OH Vitamin D, and Calcitonin
20 min readOpen Bench →
endocrinologypanel
Thyroid Function Tests (TSH, Free T4, and Free T3)
25 min readOpen Bench →
endocrinologypanel
Water Deprivation & Desmopressin Challenge Test
25 min readOpen Bench →
hematologypanel
Vitamin B12, Folate, MMA, and Homocysteine
20 min readOpen Bench →
hematologypanel
Bone Marrow Aspirate & Trephine Biopsy
30 min readOpen Bench →
hematologypanel
Bone Marrow Aspirate, Trephine, and Iron Stain
25 min readOpen Bench →
hematologynumeric
Complete Blood Count (CBC) and Indices
25 min readOpen Bench →
hematologyimaging
Direct Antiglobulin Test (DAT / Coombs)
15 min readOpen Bench →
hematologypanel
ESR vs CRP Kinetics
15 min readOpen Bench →
hematologypanel
Flow Cytometry in Leukemia and Lymphoma
20 min readOpen Bench →
hematologypanel
G6PD Quantitative Assay
15 min readOpen Bench →
hematologypanel
G6PD Quantitative Enzyme Assay
20 min readOpen Bench →
hematologyimaging
Hemoglobin Electrophoresis & HPLC (HbA2, HbF quantitation)
20 min readOpen Bench →
hematologyimaging
Hemolysis Work-up (LDH, Haptoglobin, Indirect Bilirubin, Hemosiderin)
20 min readOpen Bench →
hematologypanel
Iron Studies and Serum Ferritin
25 min readOpen Bench →
hematologynumeric
Mentzer Index & Anisocytosis Evaluation
15 min readOpen Bench →
hematologypanel
Molecular Hematology (JAK2 V617F, BCR-ABL1, CALR, MPL)
20 min readOpen Bench →
hematologypanel
Osmotic Fragility and EMA Binding Test
15 min readOpen Bench →
hematologypanel
Peripheral Blood Film (PBF) Morphology
30 min readOpen Bench →
hematologypanel
PNH Flow Cytometry (CD55, CD59, FLAER)
15 min readOpen Bench →
hematologynumeric
Reticulocyte Count and Reticulocyte Production Index (RPI): Corrected Count and Erythropoietic Dynamics
20 min readOpen Bench →
hepatologypanel
Liver Function Tests (LFT) and Hepatic Enzymes
30 min readOpen Bench →
nephrologypanel
Anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane (Anti-GBM) Antibody
20 min readOpen Bench →
nephrologypanel
Anti-Phospholipase A2 Receptor (Anti-PLA2R) in Membranous Nephropathy
20 min readOpen Bench →
nephrologyimaging
Calcium (Ionized & Corrected), Phosphate, and Magnesium
20 min readOpen Bench →
nephrologyimaging
CKD-MBD: Intact PTH Targets, Calcium-Phosphate Product, and FGF-23
20 min readOpen Bench →
nephrologypanel
Cystatin C and Combined Creatinine-Cystatin eGFR
15 min readOpen Bench →
nephrologyimaging
Hemodialysis Adequacy: Single-Pool Kt/V, Urea Reduction Ratio (URR), and Peritoneal Equivalence
20 min readOpen Bench →
nephrologypanel
eGFR: CKD-EPI 2021 Race-Free Equation vs Cockcroft-Gault
20 min readOpen Bench →
nephrologyimaging
FENa, FEurea, and Urine Electrolytes in Acute Kidney Injury
15 min readOpen Bench →
nephrologyimaging
Fractional Excretion of Urea (FEUrea)
15 min readOpen Bench →
nephrologypanel
Serologic Workup in Glomerulonephritis: Anti-PLA2R, Anti-GBM, and Complement Consumption
25 min readOpen Bench →
nephrologywaveform
Potassium Disorders: Acid-Base Shifts, ECG Correlation, and TTKG
25 min readOpen Bench →
nephrologyimaging
Renal Biopsy Interpretation: Light Microscopy, Immunofluorescence, and Electron Microscopy
25 min readOpen Bench →
nephrologyimaging
Renal Biopsy Interpretation: Light, IF, and Electron Microscopy
30 min readOpen Bench →
nephrologypanel
Renal Function Tests (RFT) and eGFR
25 min readOpen Bench →
nephrologypanel
Renal Allograft Monitoring: Donor-Specific Antibodies, BK Virus PCR, and Calcineurin Nephrotoxicity
20 min readOpen Bench →
nephrologynumeric
Renal Transplant Monitoring: Tacrolimus Trough & DSA
25 min readOpen Bench →
nephrologynumeric
Renal Tubular Acidosis (Types 1, 2, 4) & Urine Anion Gap
25 min readOpen Bench →
nephrologypanel
Routine Urinalysis and Microscopic Examination
25 min readOpen Bench →
nephrologypanel
Serum Electrolytes (Sodium, Potassium, Chloride, Bicarbonate)
30 min readOpen Bench →
nephrologypanel
Serum and Urine Uric Acid
15 min readOpen Bench →
nephrologynumeric
Serum & Urine Osmolality and the Osmolar Gap
20 min readOpen Bench →
nephrologypanel
Sodium Disorders: Diagnostic Algorithms for Hypo- and Hypernatremia
25 min readOpen Bench →
nephrologypanel
24-Hour Urine Protein & Creatinine Clearance
20 min readOpen Bench →
nephrologyimaging
Urine Protein Quantification: ACR vs PCR and 24-Hour Collection
20 min readOpen Bench →
nephrologynumeric
Urine Albumin-to-Creatinine Ratio (uACR)
15 min readOpen Bench →
nephrologyimaging
Urine Electrolytes & Osmolality Panel
20 min readOpen Bench →
nephrologynumeric
Urine Protein and Albumin Quantification (ACR and PCR)
25 min readOpen Bench →
pulmonologynumeric
A-a Gradient and PaO2/FiO2 Ratio in Hypoxemia
15 min readOpen Bench →
pulmonologyimaging
Serum Anion Gap (Albumin-Corrected) and Delta-Delta Ratio
20 min readOpen Bench →
pulmonologypanel
Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) and Acid-Base Analysis
30 min readOpen Bench →
pulmonologypanel
Co-Oximetry Panel (COHb, MetHb, SulfHb)
20 min readOpen Bench →
pulmonologypanel
Co-Oximetry: Carboxyhemoglobin, Methemoglobin, and Sulfhemoglobin
15 min readOpen Bench →
pulmonologypanel
Acid-Base Compensation: Winter's Formula and Acute vs Chronic Rules
20 min readOpen Bench →
pulmonologypanel
Diffusing Capacity of the Lungs for Carbon Monoxide (DLCO)
20 min readOpen Bench →
pulmonologypanel
Diffusing Capacity (DLCO and KCO) Differentials
20 min readOpen Bench →
pulmonologyimaging
Flow-Volume Loops: Fixed vs Variable Upper Airway Obstruction
20 min readOpen Bench →
pulmonologyimaging
Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide (FeNO)
15 min readOpen Bench →
pulmonologyimaging
Serum Lactate Kinetics (Type A vs Type B Lactic Acidosis)
15 min readOpen Bench →
pulmonologypanel
Sleep Study Parameters: AHI, ODI, and Hypopnea Scoring
15 min readOpen Bench →
pulmonologypanel
Polysomnography & Sleep Study Parameters (AHI, ODI)
25 min readOpen Bench →
pulmonologyimaging
Spirometry: Obstructive vs Restrictive Patterns & Reversibility
25 min readOpen Bench →
pulmonologypanel
Stewart Approach Basics: Strong Ion Difference (SID) and ATOT
20 min readOpen Bench →
pulmonologyimaging
VBG vs ABG in Clinical Practice: Correlation & Caveats
15 min readOpen Bench →
rheumatologypanel
Antinuclear Antibodies by Indirect Immunofluorescence (ANA-IIF): Titers, ICAP Staining Patterns, and Clinical Subsets
25 min readOpen Bench →
rheumatologypanel
ANCA Serology Panel (c-ANCA/PR3, p-ANCA/MPO)
20 min readOpen Bench →
rheumatologypanel
ANCA Vasculitis: PR3-ANCA (c-ANCA) vs MPO-ANCA (p-ANCA)
20 min readOpen Bench →
rheumatologypanel
Anti-Cyclic Citrullinated Peptide (Anti-CCP)
15 min readOpen Bench →
rheumatologypanel
Complement Profiles: C3, C4, and CH50 Consumption Patterns in SLE and Nephritis
15 min readOpen Bench →
rheumatologyimaging
Cryoglobulins (Types I, II, III): Strict 37°C Specimen Handling and Hepatitis C Association
15 min readOpen Bench →
rheumatologypanel
Extractable Nuclear Antigens (ENA) Profile and Anti-dsDNA: Antibody Specificities and Disease Monitoring
25 min readOpen Bench →
rheumatologyimaging
Clinical HLA Typing: B27, B51, DQ2/DQ8, B*57:01, and B*15:02
20 min readOpen Bench →
rheumatologypanel
Serum IgG4 and Subclasses in IgG4-Related Disease
15 min readOpen Bench →
rheumatologypanel
Inflammatory Markers (CRP, High-Sensitivity CRP, ESR, and Procalcitonin)
25 min readOpen Bench →
rheumatologyimaging
Rheumatoid Factor vs Anti-CCP in Inflammatory Arthritis
15 min readOpen Bench →
rheumatologypanel
Total Serum IgE & Allergen-Specific IgE
15 min readOpen Bench →